By Michael Dobbins; Christoph Knill
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Extra resources for Higher Education Governance and Policy Change in Western Europe: International Challenges to Historical Institutions
Sample text
Actors find themselves in a web of networks at different levels across which models and organizational norms diffuse rapidly and the exchange of information is facilitated. State-of-the-art practices are disseminated through professional associations, conferences, and journals. In this regard, compliance and the homogenization of policies result from self-interest and from “rational self-prescription” (Rakic 2001: 237). Institutional legitimacy is safeguarded by conforming to norms conveyed through international networking and discourse, which enhance policy exchange and ultimately the establishment of common values and norms.
They are supposed to define its institutional identity and integrity all the more when threatened from outside” (Olsen 2009). Hence, with regard to universities, not only institutions but also historical path dependencies matter. As decision-makers have a tendency to cling to existing patterns, historically entrenched institutions cannot be uprooted overnight and significant path dependencies may persist, regardless of increasing transnationalization. For example, different countries may demonstrate different degrees of educational centralization, which may continue to impact reactions to internationalization.
2)? e. input-based → output-based state funding). Also common to both market-based and, to some extent, Humboldt-oriented systems is lump-sum funding. Contrary to itemized or earmarked state funding, this increases the budgetary discretion of universities and, in particular, the management level in market-oriented systems.