By Makoto Yokohari, Akinobu Murakami, Yuji Hara, Kazuaki Tsuchiya
This booklet presents a distinct contribution to the technological know-how of sustainable societies by means of demanding the conventional suggestion of rural-urban dichotomy. It combines environmental engineering and panorama sciences views on city zone matters, making the booklet a distinct paintings in city learn literatures. Today’s prolonged city areas frequently retain rural positive factors inside their obstacles and now have powerful social, fiscal, and environmental linkages with the encompassing rural components. those intra- and inter- linkages among city and rural structures produce complicated interdependences with international and native sustainability matters, together with these of weather swap, source exploitation, environment degradation and human health. making plans and different potential activities for the sustainability of city areas, for that reason, can't exclusively depend upon “urban” techniques; quite, they should combine broader panorama views that take prolonged social and ecological platforms into account.
This quantity exhibits how you can untangle, diagnose, and rework city areas via precise thematic contributions throughout various educational disciplines starting from environmental engineering and geography to panorama ecology and concrete making plans. Case reports, chosen from the world over and investigating city areas in East Asia, Europe, North the USA and South-East Asia, jointly illustrate shared and differentiated drivers of sustainability demanding situations and supply informative inputs to international and native sustainability initiatives.
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Extra resources for Sustainable Landscape Planning in Selected Urban Regions
Example text
42 N. Harata Fig. 1 Sustainable Urban Structure Urban Density and Social Cost of Travel From the 1960s, many researchers have been pointed out that high density cannot allow car dependence (HMSO 1963; Bendtshen 1961; Kitamura 2003). The famous Buchanan report in 1963 stated that at the saturated level of car ownership, it is difficult to provide a sufficient road network for car use in a city in terms of physical and financial capacity (HMSO 1963). If a high-density city wants to have a greater population, it is reasonable to coordinate the transport system and land use in both density and quality.
Historically, an anticlockwise trail to TDM can be found in this figure. In the 1950s, capacity expansion was proposed to catch up with future travel demand. In the 1970s when transport planners experienced difficulty in realizing the transport master plan, transport system management and short-term supply-side measures were introduced. After the 1990s when environmental objectives and social objectives were reevaluated, TDM was introduced and developed. Now growth management is needed to manage developments for future network capacity.
The early postwar economic growth of the NICs of Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan has now been joined by the growth of other Asian countries, particularly the two economic giants of India and China, and so the region is beginning to become a third pivot of the global economy along with North America and Europe. If this region was eventually to achieve the economic and consumption levels of the developed countries with the present levels of environmental control, this would greatly accelerate the processes of global environmental change.