By Angela Margaret Evans, Ian Mathieson
Pocket Podiatry promises all of the necessities of exam and prognosis in a handy, straightforward structure. With the emphasis on functional, step by step assistance, this convenient quantity comprises worthwhile diagrams, complete color pictures, tables, information and precis containers to offer you easy access to key details with the minimal of fuss.Relevant - makes a speciality of key informationConvenient - convenient sized volumes can simply be carried in coat pocketPractical - not less than thought and a greatest of scientific emphasisAccessible - simple structure with summaries and priceless tipsSpecialist - written through podiatrists for podiatristsClear - complete color layout and color pictures all through
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Extra resources for Pocket Podiatry: Paediatrics
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4). Fractures in children occur more often than ligament injuries or dislocations due to the strength of bone versus ligaments. This changes with increasing age, such that more ligament injuries and joint dislocations are seen in older people. 4 Metatarsal shaft fractures in a child aged 8 years. There is a classification system for fractures which is fairly universal and helps to organize management planning (Slongo & Audige 2008). Usually fractures are classified according to their cause and type.
Knowledge of developmental traits and variants are essential for the clinician in both the detection of problems and an appreciation of normal physiologic growth. Tempering the need for clinical benchmarks is the appreciation that a wide spectrum of ‘normal’ is encountered. Chapter contents Definition of developmental biomechanics 48 Introduction 48 Spine 49 Imaging the young spine 49 Working against gravity 49 Sudden infant death syndrome 50 On their feet 50 Pelvis 52 Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) 53 Hip joint range of motion 55 Femur 55 Coxa valga 56 Femoral torsion 58 Knee 58 Knee joint in three cardinal planes 59 Modelling forces and the resolution of genu varum, genu valgum 64 Clinical tests for knee range and position 64 Lower leg 66 Clinical tests for the lower leg 68 Ankle: talocrural joint 69 Range of motion 71 Structure of the talocrural joint and rear foot at birth 71 Ankle equinus 71 Range of motion expected in the infant ankle 74 Subtalar joint: talocalcaneal facets 75 Landmarks for location of subtalar joint neutral position 76 Rear foot developmental changes 76 Midtarsal joint 77 The new single axis model for the midtarsal joint 78 Clinical assessment of the midtarsal joint 78 Midtarsal joint developmental changes 78 First ray complex: medial cuneiform and first metatarsal 80 Clinical assessment of first ray motion and position 81 Summary 81 Spine 49 Spine The newborn spine is kyphotic, with the vertebral column from cervical to sacral level being a continuous flexion curve (as viewed laterally).
Buckle fractures occur with cortical compression along the metaphysis as commonly occurs after a fall on an outstretched arm. 5 Fracture classification diagrams. The avulsion fracture is seen particularly in children, and occurs when bone attached to ligament or tendon is torn from the main body. 42 3 Basic bones of ontogeny The remodelling capacity of bone is dependent upon the: • age of the child • distance of injury from the end of the bone • angulation. As a principle, remodelling will occur if: • more than 2 years of bone growth remains • fracture is near the dynamic area of the epiphyseal plate • deformity is in the plane of associated motion.