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Additional info for MedStudy 12th Edition Internal Medicine Board Review Core Curriculum 2007 2008: Nephrology
Sample text
C. High-volume hypematremia. I. Diabetes insipidus, 2. Dehydration. 3. Primary hyperaldosteronism. [ II hypcmatrclllic states are hyperosmolar. 1 (B) Central vs. nephrogenic DI is differentiated with the water restriction test. 2 (A)3 (e)] 5) Kidney physiology: A. Proximal tubule. B. Descending loop of Henle. C. Ascending loop of Henle. D. Distal tubule. E. Collecting duct. 1. Site of action of spironolactone. 2. Site of action of acetazolamide tDiamox ~) , 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Site of action of antidiuretic hormone.
B. Recent sore throat or other infection. C. Recent pulmonary problems. D. Recent travel outside of the country. E. Is the paticnt diabetic. F. All of the above are important. 4·40 Nephrology Section Review , SECTION REVIEW [F . Th is patient has J nephritic syndrome as s hown by thc WRC,. RBes. and RBe casts in the urine. All ofth" history is import3lu : IV drul! abuse can cause endocarditis and secondary PIGN . Str"p a nd \' ir~1 infections: PIGN . :t nephrotic urine . not nephritic. lIowe\'~ r.
Inlrarenal : ATN: large, muddy brown granular casts. Glomerulopathies: nephritic (hematuria with RBC casts, and sometimes pyuria with WBC casts) and nephrotic (fat bodies). AIN (see next): eosinophils, RBCs, WBCs, and WBC casts. And again: Use steroids in most nephrotic syndromes-except those caused by amyloidosis and diabetes. Also use steroids in RPGN and when MPGN affects children. TUBULAR AND INTERSTITIAL DISEASES WBCs, and WBC casts. They also have beta-2 microalbummuna. The drugs that most commonly cause AIN include antibiotics, NSAlDs, cimetidine, thiazides, phenytoin, and allopurinol.