By John T. Riley
Read or Download Manual 57 Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data PDF
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Extra info for Manual 57 Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data
Sample text
As in all methods of determining moisture, there are problems associated with this equilibrium moisture method, and precautions must be taken to obtain reliable results. Overdried and oxidized coals, or both, result in low moisture values. To prevent overdrying, the sample should be kept wet before this test is run. Nothing can be done for samples that are oxidized before testing. During the test itself, it is important to observe the specified temperature and time limits for equilibration and restoring the pressure in the desiccator to atmospheric conditions.
In other words, analytical values may need to be converted to an as-received or a dry basis. When suitable corrections are made for the carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur derived from the inorganic material, and for conversion of ash to mineral matter, the ultimate analysis represents the elemental composition of the organic material in coal in terms of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. 1 Carbon and Hydrogen Almost all the carbon and hydrogen in coal occurs in the combined form. Both of these elements are present in the very complex organic compounds found in coal.
In the organic portion, oxygen is present in ether, hydroxyl, carboxyl, methoxyl, and carbonyl groups. In low-rank coal, the hydroxyl oxygen averages about 6–9 % of the coal, while high-rank coals contain less than 1 %. The percentages of oxygen in ether, carbonyl, methoxyl, and carboxyl groups average from a few percent in low-rank and brown coals to almost no measurable value in high-rank coals29. The inorganic materials in coal that contain oxygen are the various forms of moisture, silicates, carbonates, oxides, and sulfates.