By Carol T Walsh; Rochelle D Schwartz-Bloom; Ruth R Levine
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Extra info for Levine's pharmacology : drug actions and reactions
Sample text
The external electrons move about the nucleus in groups and subgroups, referred to respectively as shells and subshells, each shell and subshell having a definite number of electrons that may be situated in it. The number of shells and subshells is determined by the total number of external electrons of the atom. The simplest atoms, hydrogen and helium, have only one external shell; two is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in this shell. Successive shells may contain eight or more electrons, but there can be no more than eight electrons in the outermost shell of an atom before the next shell is started.
The effect of quinine, easily measured as a change in body temperature, answers only the question of what quinine does. ’ It also tells us that normal body temperature is an inappropriate standard to choose for measuring quinine’s effect. e. the changes they produce in a physiologic process can be detected only in the presence of a disease in which the process is functioning at an abnormal level. For most drugs, however, it is only necessary to know the conditions at the time of administration; their effects on a physiologic process can be measured using either normal or abnormal levels as the appropriate standard.
How are toxicology, pharmacotherapeutics and pharmacy related to pharmacology? What do we mean by the chemical name of a drug? the nonproprietary name? the proprietary name? the official name? Why is ‘generic name’ an inappropriate synonym for ‘nonproprietary name’? What are the names of the compendia that have official status in the United States? How are drugs selected for inclusion in these official compendia? What are some of the other compendia that furnish encyclopedic information about established and new drugs?