By Laurence Cheze
After a brief survey of the recognized pioneers of human move research and the particular wishes in several domain names, this booklet offers the most kinds of platforms available to buy (with the professionals and cons), after which info the main everyday: the optoelectronic platforms utilizing passive markers. The theoretical history for joint kinematics calculation is defined, specifying the overseas standardization for parameters experiences. One bankruptcy is devoted to dimension error and their administration, by means of a number of purposes, quite often within the medical fields
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After processing an image of a minimum of two cameras, the positions of the markers on the overall subject are calculated by triangulation. Current systems allow, after the markers are identified on a reference image or a pre-established model is used, the automatic tracking of their trajectories in real time even for a high-sampling frequency (500-2 ,000 Hz) and with no limit with regard to the number of markers. The field volume analyzed can be easily adapted to different needs by adjusting the size of the markers, and the best performing systems guarantee accuracy with regard to the position of the markers to approximately 1I3,000th of the diagonal of the field.
3. 4. com) Mechanical capture functions via an exoskeleton built around the segments to be analyzed , with each joint coupled to an angular encoder. Knowing the relative position of each encoder, it is possible to reconstruct the complex movement 22 Kinematic Analysis of Human Movement of a skeleton with several joints. However, the freedom of movement in the subject is reduced, and the weight of the exoskeleton is not always negligible. In addition, the size of the exoskeleton must be adapted to the morphology of the subject analyzed and the accuracy of the angles is determined by that of the modeling the skeleton which allows the direct measurements of coders to be linked to joint rotations (whose axes do not exactly coincide) and the attachment of the exoskeleton to the subject.
Thus, their working principle and the successive stages of an experimental protocol set up using this type of system will now be described in a bit more detail. 1. Working principle of an optical system with passive markers One key issue in motion capture is the calculation, via a certain number of snapshots of the same scene, of a 3D geometric description. A camera, a video camera or a digital camera produce images, which geometrically, are projected onto a flat surface such as a film or a set of photodetectors.