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Girls were often assigned to help farmers in fields or farmwives with household chores. William Shirer said he often encountered young men and women in the Labor Service at work as he traveled across Germany during the 1930s. Says Shirer, “In most cases it did no harm to a city boy and girl to spend six months in the compulsory Labor Service, where they lived 64 Young men in the Reichsarbeitsdienst (Reich Labor Service) work on a construction project in 1937. Male Labor Service members were issued a shovel and bicycle and given their assignments when they arrived for duty each morning.

The star, yellow and about the size Jude of a human palm, had to be sewn breastThe German word for high over the heart. By wearing the star on Jew. their outer garments, Jews could be identified by shopkeepers, landlords, and others who were now by law forbidden to grant them service. Moreover, since they were easily identifiable, Jews were open to abuse and attacks on the streets by Nazi thugs. Elisabeth Freund, a Jewish woman from Berlin, relates the treatment she received in public once she started wearing the star: “Sometimes guttersnipes call out abusive words after me.

I did know, but was it to happen so abruptly? . I collected myself [and] my belongings. . In the afternoon . . colleagues, pupils, their mothers came, some in a sad mood, others angry with their country, lovely bouquets of flowers, large and small, in their arms. 35 Aryanization The most severe laws passed against the Jews were adopted by the Reichstäg in 1935. The so-called Nuremberg Laws specifically defined Jews 46 and stripped them of their German citizenship. Under the Nuremberg Laws, anybody with at least three Jewish grandparents was declared a Jew.