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Annex 20 describes two programmes being carried out by Westinghouse and Duke Engineering and Services to develop advanced technologies to reduce design, procurement, construction, installation and testing (DPCIT) costs. The first programme, funded by the Electric Power Research Institute, is developing a 4-D model of construction plans for the 28 System 80+ design. The second programme, funded under the USDOE’s Nuclear Energy Research Initiative, focuses on application of new technologies to reduce DPCIT costs.

Well-engineered processes and procedures can overcome limitations of deficient designs, but future designs also need to better accommodate the needs of maintainers with respect to space/access to equipment and systems for inspection and repair, meeting the requirements of the relevant worker protection code. Attention is also needed in the design of equipment to facilitate adjustments, repair, rehabilitation or if necessary, replacement. It is now generally recognized that the most efficient way to do repairs on a component is to remove it from the system in which it is located and replace it with a spare.

On the other hand, experimental data for benchmarking of these calculational methods are needed (for example, data on void generation in open channels and its reactivity feedback). 6. International consensus regarding commonly acceptable safety requirements that would facilitate development of standardized designs There are NPP design and construction organizations in only a few countries. These organizations are becoming increasingly dependent on international trade for their commercial success, with the goal of exporting their products and services.