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To obtain intronic primers for the primate exons that did not amplify with human primers, we reasoned that the high intronic conservation between monkeys and humans (42) would allow us to obtain effective primers simply by shifting the primer site to different regions of the introns. That strategy was successful for many exons on the first try. For others, we select yet a different region of each flanking intron and pair it with an 40 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Wine, Dean, and Glavac exonic primer. By repeating this process we were able to amplify flanking intron sequences for all remaining exons.

Its conductance is linear in excised patches in the presence of symmetrical Cl– concentrations. In cell-attached patches, CFTR rectifies outwardly (see Note 1). Figure 1 shows the typical steady-state activity of CFTR in a cell-attached patch clamp recording. Active CFTR shows a distinct and characteristic open–close behavior, which is an explicit identifier of CFTR. The gating of CFTR is characterized by long openings broken by fast (millisecond) closures. This typical gating behavior is an important identifier of CFTR in cell-attached recordings.

5. , step 4, with 2πfc = k01 + k10 and Po = k10 k01 + k10 (7a,b) Electrophysiological Approach to Studying CFTR 61 6. , at negative holding potentials), a three-state model (Scheme 1) is indicated where the fitted parameters fc1 and S01 describe the slow gate, and fc2 and S02 describe the fast gate of CFTR. The reaction rates are related to the measured corner frequencies by (see Note 13) 2πfc1 = k01 + k10 and 2πfc2 = k02 + k20 (8a,b) 7. Additional information is needed to determine all four rate constants of a threestate model.