By Michael R. Rose
This specific e-book appears to be like on the biology of getting older from a essentially new standpoint, one in response to evolutionary idea instead of conventional techniques which emphasize molecular and mobile methods. the foundation for this technique lies within the proven fact that ordinary choice, as a strong picking strength, has a tendency to say no in value with age. a few of the features we go together with getting older, the writer argues, are extra the results of this decline than any mechanical crucial contained inside natural constructions. This concept in flip yields the main fruitful avenues for looking solutions to the matter of getting older, and may be well-known because the highbrow center of gerontology and the root for destiny learn. the writer ably surveys the significant literature on getting older, providing mathematical, experimental, and comparative findings to demonstrate and aid the crucial thesis. the result's the 1st entire synthesis of this important box. Evolutionary biologists, gerontologists, and all these enthusiastic about the technology of getting older will locate it a stimulating, strongly argued account.
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Extra info for Evolutionary Biology of Aging
Example text
A number of chronic diseases have decreased incidence under these conditions as well. , Ross, 1961, 1976; Miller and Payne, 1968; Stuchlikova, Juricoba-Horikova', and Deyl, 1975; Weindruch and Walford, 1982, 1988; Yu, Masoro, and McMahan, 1985; Yu, 1987). The prolongation of rodent life span has been readily reproducible, providing that diet restriction commenced after weaning (Widdowson and Kennedy, 1962). Comparable results have been obtained with invertebrates. For example, starved Daphnia longispina exhibit a substantial prolongation of life span (Ingle, Wood, and Banta, 1937).
For example, over three editions, Comfort's The Biology of Senescence (1956, p. 17; 1964, p. 22; 1979, pp. 21-22) defines aging "as a progressive increase throughout life, or after a given stadium, in the likelihood that a given individual will die, during the next succeeding unit of time, from randomly distributed causes . . " Whatever the specific variant of phrasing, the idea is generally that of an increase in the likelihood of death with age or its converse, a decrease in the likelihood of survival with age.
There is only one piece of evidence that is indisputably relevant to a possible decline in age-specific survival probabilities: the age at which an organism dies. The death event suggests that the probability of continued survival has become low, a patently indirect inference. This problem is often finessed by proceeding smoothly to the age-specific mortality rates obtained from population life tables: "The probability that an individual organism, which has survived to time x, will die before time x + 1 depends on the rate of mortality (q) per 1,000, meaning the number, out of 1,000 individuals living at time x, who have died by time x + 1" (Comfort, 1979, p.