By Douglas F. Garthoff
This authoritative publication throughly explains how every one director of relevant Intelligence sought to satisfy his "community" function, that of improving the cooperation among the components of the nation's intelligence group less than his management. Explores that the nation's leaders anticipated of administrators and the way these keeping the accountability tried to hold it out.
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Extra info for Directors of the Central Intelligence as Leaders of the U.S. Intelligence Community, 1946-2005
Example text
13 This structure of authority makes clear an important aspect of the president’s importance to the DCI: the president is the only official who holds sway over the department heads who command the nonCIA elements of the intelligence establishment. ” 15 These statements suggest that in 1947 there were substantial expectations regarding the DCI’s community role. There is little in the record, however, to support this retrospective judgment. It may well be that this was President Truman’s intent or hope, just as it may have been his desire to have a more unified military structure and a stronger secretary of defense than the 1947 law prescribed.
Instead, he personally visited George Marshall at the Pentagon and Dean Acheson at the State Department and assured them that, while he wanted full cooperation and participation from their intelligence chiefs, his command authority applied only to CIA. In this way, the DCI’s community role became defined early as heavily limited. 22 Smith’s approach arguably made sense in light of the conception of the DCI’s community role held in the early 1950s. The main objective at the time was using all relevant information to coordinate production of national intelligence.
For some years after the war, DCIs had to deal with US Army clandestine collection efforts not favored by CIA and about coordination of activities in occupied Germany. Another goal was to coordinate the clandestine operations 27 Secret actions, such as subversion or “black” propaganda, were considered appropriate for the OSS to undertake in wartime. But after the war the parts of OSS that performed such missions were quickly disbanded and not preserved in the War Department. The initial authorization of US covert actions in the Cold War came several months after the creation of CIA in September 1947, and the clarification that the basic legislative authority for CIA to be undertaking such actions was the “other functions and duties” clause of the 1947 National Security Act came later still in response to queries from reluctant DCIs.