By Tenney Frank
Passenger fares appear to us to were very low. Passengers despite the fact that seem to have been answerable for their very own sustenance, the quarters have been most likely faraway from sumptuous and naturally demise by means of shipwreck in contrast to lack of freight entailed no monetary loss to the service. -from "Chapter XVI: trade" during this vintage work-an enlargement of an prior 1920 edition-a revered classical student sketches the commercial lifetime of the Roman tradition throughout the republican interval and into the fourth century of the empire. although later books unfairly supplanted it, this quantity is still an exceptional creation to the capital, trade, hard work, and of the rapid forerunner of contemporary civilization. In transparent, readable language, Frank explores: .agriculture in early Latium .the upward push of the peasantry .Roman coinage .finance and politics .the "plebs urbana" .the beginnings of serfdom .and even more. American historian TENNEY FRANK (1876-1939) was once professor of Latin at Bryn Mawr university and Johns Hopkins collage, and in addition wrote Roman Imperialism (1914) and A heritage of Rome (1923).
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16. There seems to be a reference to this difficulty in Digest, 39, 3, 2, 1. 17. See Hill, Historical Roman Coins. 18. The arguments for the dates of Ostia I have given in Class. Phil. 1919, p. 314. The statement of Festus, who says the colony was subsequent to the first building of the village, is supported by the facts that its citizens belong to two different tribes and that its government has a double set of officials. See Taylor, Cults of Ostia. Recent excavations have revealed a city-wall which shows the workmanship and the material prevalent in the fourth century, see Am.
The war resulted after two years in an allied victory through which Rome received some territory north cf Campania for colonization. The year after this war the Latin peoples revolted from Rome’s hegemony and, being defeated, were incorporated into the Roman state, part as full citizens, part for a probationary period as non-voting citizens. There were of course losses of men on both sides, and some land was confiscated and settled by Romans. In 328 a new Samnite war broke out which gradually spread through the whole of central Italy including the Etruscans, Umbrians, and Sabine peoples.
We may at least say that the overpopulation of Latium apparent in the early period and the distress of the people due to a gradual deterioration of the soil played an important part in setting into activity the instincts and impulses which led the government into an aggressive foreign policy in 343; subsequent ventures, and the possession of a dense population of farmers enabled the government to build up an irresistible army which made conquest relatively easy. The wastage of the wars however and the requirements for military colonies at strategic points soon absorbed the surplusage to such an extent that the third century discloses an insufficiency rather than a congestion of population.