By John Riddell
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Extra info for Toward the united front : proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International, 1922
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For more on Lenin’s views of Kautsky, see p. 481, n. 2. Editorial Introduction • 37 Zetkin, Trotsky, and Béla Kun on the state of the Russian Revolution. The first three were then among the most authoritative international Communist leaders, while Kun’s presence reflected his return to prominence after his much-criticised role as ECCI envoy in spurring the German Party into the March Action of 1921. Lenin’s speech – his last public address – is widely known, but its relationship with the Fourth Congress debates deserves attention.
KPD leaders Meyer, Hoernle, and Walter Ulbricht, on behalf of the German delegation, submitted an amendment that explained the different types of workers’ governments and distinguished between ‘illusory’ and ‘genuine’ variants. 67 Another amendment resulted from the assertion by the senior Bulgarian delegate, Vasil Kolarov, that ‘the workers’ government is not posed in agrarian countries like the Balkans’. 68 The workers’ government debate, which wound through the entire Congress, was notable for the richness of the contributions by delegates who had grappled with its complexity in the work of member parties.
See pp. 243 (Kolarov), 1161 (amendment). 69 Zinoviev’s summary, delivered in Session 7 (12 November), did not pick up on Meyer’s and Radek’s description of the workers’ government as a transitional stage to soviet-power. While conceding on the word ‘pseudonym’, Zinoviev restated his point in another form, arguing that ‘to establish a workers’ government we must first overthrow the bourgeoisie’. The workers’ government represented ‘the least likely path’ to workers’ power. 70 On this ambiguous note, the discussion moved into the congress commissions.