By R.A. M.D. Witthaus

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Chemical effects of light. Many chemical combinations and decompositions are much modified by the intensity, and the kind of light to which the reacting substances are exposed. Hydrogen and chlorin gases do not combine, at the ordinary temperature, in the absence of light in diffused daylight or gaslight, they unite slowly and quietly in direct sunlight, or in the electric The salts of silver, light, they unite suddenly and explosively. used in photography, are not decomposed in the dark, but are rapidly decomposed in the presence of organic matter, when exposed to sunlight.

Gr. of a gas, we obtain the weight of its molecule as compared with that of a molecule of hydrogen and, as the molecule contains two atoms of hydrogen, while one atom of hydrogen is the unit of comparison, it follows that the specific gravity of a gas compared with hydrogen, multiplied by two, is its molecular weight. 69 per cent, of hydrogen which is equivalent to 24 parts, or two atoms of carbon and 2 parts, or two atoms of hydrogen. The sp. gr. of acetylene, referred to hydrogen =2, is 13 its molecular weight is, therefore, 26, and its molecule contains two atoms of carbon and two atoms of hydrogen.

No 1. The nature of the solvent and substance to be dissolved. rule can be given, which will apply in a general waj to the solvent power of liquids, or to the solubility of substances. Water is of all liquids the best solvent of most substances. In it some substances are so readily soluble that they absorb a suffias calcium ciency from the atmosphere to form a solution ehlorid. Such substances are said to deliquesce. Other subas barium stances are insoluble in water in any proportion sulfate. Elementary substances (with the exception of chlorin) ; ; are insoluble, or sparingly soluble, in water.

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