By Nadia Valman

Tales approximately Jewesses proliferated in nineteenth-century Britain as debates in regards to the position of the Jews within the smooth country raged. whereas prior scholarship has explored the superiority of antisemitic stereotypes during this interval, Nadia Valman argues that the determine of the Jewess - virtuous, beautiful and sacrificial - finds how hostility in the direction of Jews used to be observed by means of pity, id and hope. studying a number texts from well known romance to the realist novel, she investigates how the complicated determine of the Jewess introduced the instabilities of nineteenth-century spiritual, racial and nationwide id into uniquely sharp concentration. Tracing the narrative of the Jewess from its beginnings in Romantic and Evangelical literature, and examining canonical writers together with Walter Scott, George Eliot and Anthony Trollope along extra minor figures akin to Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna, Grace Aguilar and Amy Levy, Valman demonstrates the awesome endurance of this narrative and its myriad modifications around the century.

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Issuing sometimes from erotic desire, sometimes from religious fervour, the excesses of the Jewess, therefore, as well as the follies of anti-Jewish prejudice, serve to define these novels’ parameters of liberality. In this way, the figure of the Jewess exposes the faultlines of nineteenth-century conceptions of tolerance and historical progress. reason and sympathy: thinking ambivalent ly about the jews The role of the figurative ‘Jew’ in the consolidation of British national identity during the Romantic era is itself contested in recent critical work.

By the end of the novel, Rebecca has been detached from her association with progress and toleration and has come to look more like an obstacle to universal peace. In contrast, Ivanhoe has come to her rescue as her champion in the trial by combat, and the new dispensation under Richard I offers a new liberality towards the Jews. Whereas the barbarism of chivalric culture 30 The Jewess in Nineteenth-Century British Culture was exemplified by the Templar’s attempt to seduce and convert Rebecca by force, the civilisation of the English nation at the end of the novel is measured by the way it offers her voluntary entry into the Christian nation through the persuasions of Rowena.

16 Judaism was once again found to be inimical to liberal values. The Liberal historian Goldwin Smith and the novelist Anthony Trollope, for example, both articulated a commitment to the idea of Jewish civil rights while maintaining an hostility to Jewish racial particularity. 17 In Arnold’s formulation, yet again, the Jews are regarded as the necessary and rightful beneficiaries of tolerance and progress but also, ‘repell[ing]’ others, as entirely lacking in civilising virtues themselves. The other side of Arnold’s characterisation of the Jews as uniquely incapable of cultural contribution, is expressed in George Eliot’s well-known letter to Harriet Beecher Stowe, in which she explains her motive for writing Daniel Deronda (1876).

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