By Max Eastman

This booklet is the fruit of lengthy and concerned research, first of Marx's theoretical philosophy, moment of Lenin's impetuously sensible software of it, 3rd of the steadily constructing result of the innovative test set going below Lenin's tips.

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In philosophy from the University of Jena in Berlin (April 1841) until he resigned as editor of the Kheinische Zeitung (March 1843)—Marx found no problem in speaking of moral or ethical re­ quirements or making explicit moral judgments. In this period we also find his only attempts at characterizing morality from an in­ ternal point of view as a realm of human discourse or theory. In his later, social-scientific works, he would characterize morality from an external point of view as a cultural or social phenomenon.

26 Marx's third change of this period—his acceptance of Feuerbach's humanistic moral terminology—is evident as early as a May 1843 letter to Ruge. Speaking about the manner in which society can be revitalized and improved, Marx states that "freedom, the feeling of man's dignity will have to be awakened. . Only this feeling . . "27 He claims that "despotism's only idea is contempt for man, dehumanized man. . "30 To see that Marx's criticism of politics at this time is very similar to Feuerbach's criticism of religion, one need only substitute the word "religion" for the terms "despotism," "despot," and "mon­ archy" in the sentences above.

46. 26 G. A. Cohen, "The Labor Theory of Value," p. 354. INTRODUCTION Marxism is defined mainly by two . . features. First, the be­ lief that alienation and exploitation interfere with the good life for man and that their suppression is not only desirable but feasible. Or at the minimum, the unfeasibility of suppressing them has not been proven. Secondly, Marxism is character­ ized by a few fundamental theoretical assumptions about the structure and development of societies, with emphasis on the interrelation between property rights, technical change and class struggle.

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