By Tony Brewer

Richard Cantillon, writing fifty years prior to Adam Smith, used to be the 1st to work out the economic climate as an interrelated complete, and the 1st to provide a coherent account of ways it really works. this is often the 1st finished learn of his monetary concept and of his position within the background of the topic.

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First, the market can only provide different rewards to different people if they carry out different jobs. It cannot give a higher reward to a faithful old retainer, and less to one who had offended the landowner, as a landlord who kept direct control could. Second, the pattern of relative rewards for different tasks can no longer be set by the landlord. Wage determination will be discussed in the next section; suffice it to say here that Cantillon seems to have assumed a level of wages in absolute terms, and a pattern of relative wages, determined partly by real economic factors (training costs, and the like) and partly by social convention.

In Cantillon’s story, the decisions made by landowners govern the overall allocation of resources, and thus determine the demand for labour, the total size of the population, and its distribution between different occupations. It is need and necessity which enable farmers, mechanics, officers, soldiers, sailors, domestic servants and all the other classes who work or are employed in the state to exist. All these working people serve not only the prince and the landowners but each other, so that there are many of them who do not work directly for the landowners, and so it is not seen that they subsist on the capital of these proprietors and live at their expense.

Second, the pattern of relative rewards for different tasks can no longer be set by the landlord. Wage determination will be discussed in the next section; suffice it to say here that Cantillon seems to have assumed a level of wages in absolute terms, and a pattern of relative wages, determined partly by real economic factors (training costs, and the like) and partly by social convention. His argument, at least in its simple form, rests on the assumption that landowners who control their estates directly would choose a level and pattern of rewards identical to that set by the market.

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