By Martin Silberberg

Silberberg's Principles of basic Chemistry deals scholars a similar authoritative subject insurance as its dad or mum textual content, Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of subject and Change. The Principles textual content makes it possible for succinct insurance of content material with minimum emphasis on pedagogic studying aids. This extra streamlined method of studying appeals to contemporary efficiency-minded, value-conscious teachers and scholars with no sacrificing intensity, readability, or rigor.

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After brushing your teeth with arti­ ficially flavored, dental-hardening agents dispersed in a colloidal abrasive, you're ready to leave. You grab your laptop, an electronic device based on ultrathin, microetched semiconductor layers powered by a series of voltaic cells, collect some books-processed cellulose and plastic, electronically printed with light­ and oxygen-resistant inks-hop in your hydrocarbon-fueled, metal-vinyl-ceramic vehicle, electrically ignite a synchronized series of controlled gaseous explosions, and you're off to class !

Temperature (T) is a measure of the relative hotness of an object. Heat is energy that flows from an object at higher temperature to one at lower temperature. Temperature scales d iffer in the size of the degree unit and/or the zero point. I n chemistry, temperature is measured in kelvins (K) or degrees Celsius (0C). Extensive properties, such as mass, volume, and energy, depend on the amount of a substance. I ntensive properties, such as den­ sity and temperature, are independent of amount. 5 UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT: SIGNIFICANT FIGURES We can never measure a quantity exactly, because measuring devices are made to limjted specifications and we use our imperfect senses and skills to read them.

The digits we record in a measurement, both the certain and the uncertain ones, are called significant figures. 0 kg. The greater the number of significant figures in a measurement, the greater is the certainty. 9 shows this point for two thermometers. 9 The number of significant figures in a measurement de­ pends on the measuring device. A, Two thermometers measuring readi n g with more significant figures (more certainty) can be made with the thermometer on the left. 8, This modern electronic thermometer the same temperature are shown with expanded views.

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