By E. A. Wrigley

E.A. Wrigley, the prime historian of commercial England, exposes the inadequacy of what was authorized knowledge relating to England's commercial revolution and indicates what he believes should still substitute it. He examines the problems from 3 viewpoints: fiscal development; the transformation of the urban-rural stability; and demographic switch within the 17th and eighteenth centuries. additionally, he exhibits why England's early sleek economic climate and society grew quicker and extra dynamically than its continental associates.

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I, pp. 345–6. De Vries and van der Woude, The first modern economy, p. 720. These issues are explored at greater length below, pp. 62–3. , p. 693. 38 In the present context, however, it is only necessary to note that the example of the Netherlands illustrates the point that neither the process of modernisation nor the presence of a capitalist economic system was capable of guaranteeing sustained growth in an organic economy though both could help to ensure that the possibilities for growth offered by such economies were exploited effectively.

After the Great Fire brickworks in the capital greatly expanded their output to meet the much-increased demand for bricks, and it is symbolic of the strategic importance of cheap coal in making this possible that the price of bricks rose steeply only once during the rebuilding, when the Dutch fleet temporarily stopped the collier vessels from reaching London from 47 48 49 Wrigley, Continuity, chance and change, p. 29, n. 38. Arthur Young’s comments about the absence of window glass as he journeyed through France in the years immediately before the revolution are instructive: Young, Travels in France and Italy, pp.

Before 1750, and indeed for many decades thereafter, progress in the organic sector of the economy, which was, of course, 36 The wellsprings of growth largely underpinned by agriculture, was far more important than any developments in the inorganic sector in determining the level of output per head. Until well into the nineteenth century agriculture was much the largest single industry and the largest employer of labour. Productivity trends in agriculture were, therefore, the single most important influence on overall productivity trends.

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