By P. J. Cullen
Written in 4 elements, this ebook presents a devoted and in-depth reference for mixing in the pharmaceutical production undefined. It hyperlinks the technological know-how of mixing with regulatory requisites linked to pharmaceutical manufacture. The participants are a mixture of best educational and commercial specialists, who supply an educated and industrially proper standpoint of the subject. this is often an important e-book for the pharmaceutical production undefined, and similar educational researchers in pharmaceutical technology and chemical and mechanical engineering.
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If the reagent is fed at the surface of the vessel, the plume d ispersion time, or meso‐mixing rate, will dominate. If the feed is moved to the impeller, the mixing will be much faster, and the micro‐mixing time will dominate. In both of these cases, the local mixing time is more important than the blend time for the tank. From this point, we could consider at least three branches of mixing fundamentals: powder mixing, where particle‐particle adhesion and solids demixing must be considered; laminar mixing, where chaos theory and the evolution of stretching and folding patterns determine the mixing rate; and turbulent mixing, where mixing occurs against a backdrop of turbulent eddies.
9), the use of logarithms in the definition of M 7 gives good discrimination over the full range of mixing times and hence is recommended. 1 Idealized Mixing Patterns The majority of this chapter has focussed on mixing in batch process systems, where the spatial distribution of components approaches a well‐mixed condition with increasing batch time. 10 Comparison of the variance and some commonly used mixing indices for diferent sample sizes. The concentration variance is assumed to decrease by a first‐order process with time constant k 1 pharmaceutical operations are conducted as batch processes.
25) Back‐mixing allows continuous flow mixers to produce more consistent product compositions, even when the feed composition is varying; effectively these mixers filter disturbances that have a much shorter time scale than the mean residence time. As an example, consider a pulse disturbance in the feed concentration to a PFR and a CSTR, each with a mean residence time of 5s. 14. The pulse is unchanged by passing through the PFR, whereas it effect is attenuated and filtered by passing through the CSTR.