By Markus Quante, Franciscus Colijn
This publication bargains an up to date evaluation of our present knowing of weather switch within the North Sea and adjoining parts, in addition to its influence on ecosystems and socio-economic sectors. It offers an in depth overview of weather switch in keeping with released clinical paintings compiled via self sufficient overseas specialists from climate-related disciplines comparable to oceanography, atmospheric sciences, marine and terrestrial ecology, utilizing a nearby overview and evaluate approach just like that of the Intergovernmental Panel on weather switch (IPCC). It presents a accomplished evaluation of all facets of our altering weather, discussing quite a lot of subject matters together with prior, present and destiny weather switch, and climate-related alterations in marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. It additionally explores the impression of weather swap on socio-economic sectors resembling fisheries, agriculture, coastal area administration, coastal defense, city weather, recreation/tourism, offshore activities/energy, and air pollution.
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The renowned climate change scientist Professor Robert J. Nicholls from the University of Southampton, Engineering and the Environment, UK, kindly agreed to take on this task. The review editor defined the overall review process and together with the SSC Chair, selected and invited the individual reviewers. The review process was overseen and undertaken with the assistance of the NOSCCA coordination team. Three independent reviewers, preferably from different countries were assigned to each climate change chapter.
E. OSPAR Region II) is marked by the 5°W meridian and the northern boundary by the imaginary line along 62°N (OSPAR 2000). 1 Geography of the Region The North Sea region is situated just north of the boundary (*50°N) between the warm and cool temperate biogeographic regions, classified from north to south as Alpine North, Boreal, Atlantic North, Nemoral, and Atlantic Central (Metzger et al. 2005). The North Sea is a semi-enclosed marginal sea of the North Atlantic Ocean situated on the north-west European shelf.
A general tendency for more frequent strong westerly winds and for less frequent easterly winds in the central North Sea as well as in the German Bight in the course of the 21st century was projected using SRES A1B and SRES B1 scenarios. Projections suggest an increase in mean precipitation during the cold season and a reduction during the warm season for the period 2071–2100 relative to 1971–2000, as well as Overall Summary Overall Summary xli a pronounced increase in the intensity of heavy daily precipitation events, particularly in winter and a considerable increase in the intensity of extreme hourly precipitation in summer.