By Rohan Shah, Daniel Eldridge, Enzo Palombo, Ian Harding
What are lipid nanoparticles? How are they based? How are they shaped? What strategies are most sensible to represent them? How nice is their strength as drug supply platforms? those questions and extra are replied during this complete and hugely readable paintings on lipid nanoparticles. This paintings units out to supply the reader with a transparent and comprehensible realizing of the present practices in formula, characterization and drug supply of lipid nanoparticles. A finished description of the present realizing of synthesis, characterization, balance optimization and drug incorporation of reliable lipid nanoparticles is equipped. Nanoparticles have attracted nice curiosity during the last few many years with virtually exponential progress of their learn and alertness. Their small particle dimension and next excessive floor region lead them to excellent in lots of makes use of, yet really as drug service structures. Nanoparticles made of lipids are in particular appealing as a result of their stronger biocompatibility imparted by means of the lipid. The paintings presents an in depth description of the kinds of lipid nanoparticles on hand (e.g. SLN, NLC, LDC, PLN) and the way they vary from imperfect crystalline to amorphous in constitution. present recommendations on the place medications are located (e.g. within the middle, or on the interface) and the way this is often manipulated are mentioned. the numerous thoughts for construction, together with the author’s personal variation of microwave heating, are absolutely mentioned. innovations for measuring arguably an important features of particle dimension and polydispersity are mentioned, besides thoughts to degree crystallinity, form and drug capability. ultimately, an entire bankruptcy on suggestions for measuring balance, either within the absence and presence of substances, is mentioned, in addition to feedback on how one can optimize that balance. This paintings appeals to scholars of colloid technology, practitioners of analysis into drug supply and lecturers alike.
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Additional resources for Lipid Nanoparticles: Production, Characterization and Stability
Example text
The organic solution is dispersed into an aqueous solution (which may contain a co-surfactant) and the mixture is subsequently passed through a high pressure homogenizer to form an o/w emulsion. The o/w emulsion is introduced from one end of the extraction 3 Production Techniques 38 Step 3: Homogenization Step 1: Heating lipid and aqueous phase Colloidal emulsion Extraction column Step 2: Emulsion formation Step 4: Supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions Flow of SCF Aq. phase Flow of emulsion Lipid phase (Lipid + Drug) Supercritical fluid (SCF) eg.
2011). g. g. production technique, homogenization time, sonication time, homogenization temperature, homogenization pressure, production equipment, lyophilization and sterilization) are often referred to as principal quality parameters. Each of these factors influences the size and crystallization of particles. The effect of each of these parameters on the particle characteristics, often investigated in terms of particle size, has been reported. An increase in particle size before actual macroscopic changes is often observed in unstable systems.
The particle sizes of the lipid nanoparticles are determined by the velocity of the diffusion of the solvent across the lipid-solvent interface into the aqueous phase. Lipid nanoparticles have been precipitated with polar solvents such as ethanol, acetone, isopropanol and methanol that distribute rapidly into the aqueous phase. Typical diameters of the nanoparticles produced were in the range of 100–200 nm (Dubes et al. 2003; Hu et al. 2002, 2004; Schubert and Müller-Goymann 2003). Wang et al. (2010) introduced a modified solvent injection method called “solvent injection lyophilization”.