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Andrew Smith, so well known for his travels in Southern Africa, informs me, that he saw them within the tropic, and he thinks they extend much higher; moreover, he is of opinion that they form but one race; in Harris's "Ethiopia," mention is 3. The dark race in question is recognized today as being Negro. They are, in fact, the Xhosa people of the eastern Cape and the present Transkei. He is correct in saying that they were racially different from the San and the Khoi-Khoi who lived to the west and northwest.

Ancient monuments and stone implements found in all parts of the world, about which no tradition has been preserved by the present inhabitants, indicate much extinction. Some small and broken tribes, remnants of former races, still survive in isolated and generally mountainous districts. In Europe the ancient races were all, according to Schaaffhausen, "lower 24 THE "sCIENTIFIC" ROOTS in the scale than the rudest living savages"; they must therefore have differed, to a certain extent, from any existing race.

Tiedemann says that the two hemispheres of the brain are nearly symmetrical. Though small in stature, they are taller than their cognate race, the Bosjeman; these I take to be nearly allied to the Hottentot, though different in a good many respects. They have the physical qualities of the Hottentot, but exaggerated; they are still shorter in stature. Having no measurements on which I can depend, I offer merely as a conjecture the average height of the male and female Bosjeman,-say four feet six inches for the male, and four feet for the female.