By Amy A. Quark
Because the economies of China, India, and different Asian international locations keep growing, those international locations are searching for higher regulate over the principles that govern foreign alternate. environment the foundations consists of with it the facility to set up virtue, so it’s no shock that everybody wishes a seat on the table—or that negotiations over principles frequently lead to stalemates at assembly of the area alternate Organization.
Nowhere is the clash over rule surroundings extra obvious than within the simmering “standards wars” over the foundations that outline caliber and let the adjudication of disputes. In international Rivalries, Amy A. Quark explores the questions of the way ideas are made, who makes them, and the way they're enforced, utilizing the lens of cotton—a easy commodity that has develop into a poignant image of either the situation of Western rule making energy and the potential of strong new competitors to supplant it. Quark lines the options for influencing rule making approaches hired not just through nationwide governments but additionally by way of transnational organizations, fiber scientists, and alternate institutions from worldwide. Quark analyzes the efficacy in their methods and the results for extra marginal actors within the cotton exchange, together with manufacturers in West Africa.
By putting the present contest in the historic improvement of the worldwide capitalist process, worldwide Rivalries highlights a desirable interplay of politics and economics.
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Additional resources for Global Rivalries: Standards Wars and the Transnational Cotton Trade
Example text
Streeck and Thelen 2005) within a theory of capitalism. In short, institutionalist approaches to transnational governance have generated a rich conceptual vocabulary for understanding institutional change and institution-building. But they are divorced from the specificities of the socioeconomic orders that construct and are constructed by these institutions. That is, institutions are abstracted from the global capitalist system. If our goal is to understand why institutional change occurs and why new institutional arrangements take the form that they do, “these are questions a framework that takes capitalism for granted cannot even pose, let alone answer” (Burawoy 1979:12).
Adapted from ICAC (1996); CICCA (2009). 1. Actors Controlling Key Governance Tasks, 1923–2004 vs. 2005–? 1. Cotton Marketing in West African Countries after Independence. 2. Price Stabilization Efforts in the Cotton Trade. Acronyms AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act ABRAPA Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Algodão, or the Brazilian Association of Cotton Producers ACA African Cotton Association ACFSMC All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives ACSA American Cotton Shippers Association AFCOT Association Française Cotonnière, or the French Cotton Association AMCOT American Cotton Marketing Cooperatives AoA Agreement on Agriculture AQSIQ General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine (China) ARS Agricultural Research Service (US) ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATC Agreement on Textiles and Clothing BCA Bangladesh Cotton Association CAI Cotton Association of India CCA China Cotton Association CCC Commodity Credit Corporation CFA La Communauté Financière d’Afrique, or the Financial Community of Africa, includes Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, and Guinea-Bissau CFC Common Fund for Commodities CFDT La Compagnie Française pour le Développement des Textiles, or the French Textile Development Company CFIB China Fiber Inspection Bureau Chinatex China National Textiles Import and Export Corporation CICCA Committee for International Cooperation among Cotton Associations CIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission CIQ China Inspection and Quarantine CIRAD Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, or the Center for International Cooperation on Agricultural Research for Development CIRCOT Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (India) CNCRC China National Cotton Reserves Company COPACO The marketing arm of DAGRIS CSITC Commercial Standardization of Instrument Testing for Cotton DAGRIS Développement des Agro-Industries du Sud (formerly CFDT) ECC European Cotton Confederation EPC Electronic Product Code EU European Union GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GCC Global commodity chain HVI High Volume Instrument ICA International Cotton Association ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICCS International Calibration Cotton Standards ICE Intercontinental Exchange IEC International Electrochemical Commission IMF International Monetary Fund ISO International Organization for Standardization ITC International Trade Centre ITMF International Textile Manufacturers Federation ITU International Telecommunication Union LCA Liverpool Cotton Association MFA Multi-Fibre Arrangement NCC National Cotton Council (US) NDRC National Development and Reform Commission (China) NIEO New International Economic Order NYCE New York Cotton Exchange RFID Radio Frequency Identification SAP Structural Adjustment Program SFI Short Fiber Index SPS Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures STE State trading enterprise TBT Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade TRQ Tariff Rate Quota UN United Nations USDA United States Department of Agriculture WTO World Trade Organization Acknowledgments It is daunting to consider the vast number of people that have made this book possible.
This transnational cooperation amid a crisis of Western legitimacy raises critical questions. Who makes the rules? How do powerful Western actors construct governance institutions that are enforceable? Under what conditions are the emerging non-Western corporate elite and their state allies, as well as more marginalized firms and states, able to recast the rules to better serve their interests? This book represents an effort to explore these questions through a study of negotiations over transnational quality standards in the contemporary cotton trade.