By John McCusker
Written by means of one of many top professionals on exchange and finance within the early smooth Atlantic international, those fourteen essays, revised and built-in for this quantity, proportion as their universal topic the improvement of the Atlantic economic climate, in particular British the USA and the Caribbean. subject matters taken care of diversity from early makes an attempt in medieval England to degree the wearing potential of ships, during the creation in Renaissance Italy and England of industrial newspapers that pronounced at the site visitors of ships, cargoes and industry costs, to the nation of the economic system of France over the 2 hundred years prior to the French Revolution and of the British West Indies among 1760 and 1790. incorporated is the tale of Thomas Irving who challenged and thwarted the likes of John Hancock, Samuel Adams, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.
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See the discussion of this distinction by Johannes Guiliemus Schefferus in his “De varietate navium dissertatio,” in Jacobus Gronovius, Thesaurus Graecarum antiquitatum…, 12 vols in 13 pts (Leiden, 1697–1702), XI, 771–772. , 1894). Note that with the ancients the variation was not so much one of the shape of the hull as it was motive power and function. Jacques Heers discusses these two historically distinct forms of vessels as indicative, in a later era, of two kinds of traffic in the Mediterranean.
7 Gras, Early English Customs, p. 38. 8 At first the new law determined three levels of collection: if a ship carried nine tuns of wine or less, no prise was assessed; if between ten and nineteen tuns, one tun was taken as the prise; if twenty tuns or over, two tuns were collected, but no more than that, no matter how large the cargo. Compare [Matthew] Hale, “Concerning the Customs of Goods Imported and Exported,” pt iii of his “Treatise in Three Parts,” in A Collection of Tracts Relative to the Law of England, ed.
Royal MS 18 A. XII, fol. 119r, and as noted in [Galfridus], Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum, lexicon anglo-latinum princeps…, ed. ], nos 25, 54, 89, 3 vols (London, 1843–1865), I, 252, n. 5. There are examples of a similar contemporary usage in French; Godefroy, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française, IV, 532. Brooks, The English Naval Forces, 1199–1272 (London, [1932]), p. 71. See Jal, Glossaire nautique, p. 1061. Compare Heers, “Types de navires,” p. 109. 28 Brooks, English Naval Forces, p.