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In this type of stress, lines with later flowering dates will tend to be delayed more than lines that flower early because the stress intensity increases over time. To correct for this effect, you can sow lines with similar flowering dates in separate experiments and apply stress at the appropriate time for each experiment. Another approach is to make a statistical correction for flowering date. This can be done by using flowering date in the control as a covariate in the analysis. Percent fertile spikelets When stress occurs near flowering, the most sensitive growth stage, the main yield component affected is the percentage of fertile spikelets (Photo 5).

If a field is developed as a long-term screening site, it should be large enough to allow part of the field to be rotated with a nonrice crop each year. Additional reading Bidinger FR, Mahalakshmi V, Rao GDP. 1987. ). Leeke]. II. Estimation of genotype response to stress. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 38:49-59. Notes Author’s address: International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines. 26 • BREEDING TO IMPROVE YIELD UNDER ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTS: DIRECT SELECTION . . 3 Experimental design and data management G.

Agric. Res. 38:49-59. Notes Author’s address: International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines. 26 • BREEDING TO IMPROVE YIELD UNDER ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTS: DIRECT SELECTION . . 3 Experimental design and data management G. McLaren I R R I S TAT A major departure from conventional (irrigated) rice breeding that is required in rainfed systems is the need for early generation yield testing in selection environments that represent the TPE. Thus, here we will provide ● Details on what experimental designs to use for early generation screening trials.