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Meyarivan, T. (2002). A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6(2), 182– 197. Chapter 2 Basic Network Models Network design is one of the most important and most frequently encountered classes of optimization problems [1]. It is a combinatory field in graph theory and combinatorial optimization. A lot of optimization problems in network design arose directly from everyday practice in engineering and management: determining shortest or most reliable paths in traffic or communication networks, maximal or compatible flows, or shortest tours; planning connections in traffic networks; coordinating projects; and solving supply and demand problems.
The main scheme is to use two FLCs: auto-tuning for exploration and exploitation T pM ∧ pC ∨ pI and auto-tuning for genetic exploitation and random exploitation (T [pC ∧ pI ]) are implemented independently to regulate adaptively the genetic parameters during the genetic search process. For the detailed scheme, we use the changes of the average fitness which occur in parents and offspring populations during continuous u generations of GA: it increases the occurrence probability of pM and decreases the occurrence probability of pC and pI if it consistently produces better offspring; otherwise, it decreases the occurrence probability of pM and increases the occurrence probability of pC and pI , if it consistently produces poorer offspring during the generations.
1992). Genetic Programming, Cambridge: MIT Press. References 45 7. Koza, J. R. (1994). Genetic Programming II, Cambridge: MIT Press. 8. Holland, J. H. (1976). Adaptation. In R. Rosen & F. M. Snell, (eds) Progress in Theoretical Biology IV, 263–293. New York: Academic Press. 9. Dorigo, M. (1992) Optimization, Learning and Natural Algorithms, PhD thesis, Politecnico di Milano, Italy. 10. Kennedy, J. & Eberhart, R. (1995). Particle swarm optimization, Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Piscataway, NJ, 1942–1948, 11.